Lesson 7.1 NITROGEN - Biological nitrogen fixation

 

FOOD FOREST COURSE 

AGRO-ECONOMY Lesson 7.1 

NITROGEN - Biological nitrogen fixation

 

These plants have a symbiotic relationship with a type of bacteria in the soil that allows them to capture atmospheric nitrogen and store it in the soil.  Since most plants require nitrogen to grow, but cannot use atmospheric nitrogen themselves, nitrogen fixers play an important role in both natural ecosystems and home gardens.  Plants growing near or among nitrogen fixing plants will generally be healthier and more vigorous than those grown without nearby nitrogen fixers.

 

The best-known plants which contribute to nitrogen fixation in nature, are in the legume family – Fabaceae – which includes  clover, beans, alfalfa, lupines and peanuts.  They contain symbiotic bacteria called rhizobia within nodules in their root systems, producing nitrogen compounds that help the plant to grow and compete with other plants.  When the plant dies, the fixed nitrogen is released, making it available to other plants and this helps to fertilise the soil.  The great majority of legumes have this association, but a few genera do not.    

 

In many traditional and organic farming practices, fields are rotated through various types of crops, which usually includes one consisting mainly or entirely of clover or buckwheat which were often referred to as green manure, since the other natural way of adding nitrogen to the soil is via animal waste products.  The entire plant is often ploughed back into the field, thus not only adding more nitrogen, but also improving the soil's organic content and volume.

Text from the roots, Elisabeth Ferkonia (Aus.) PDC studied with Bill Mollison.




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