Lesson 6.0 BREADFRUIT and JACKFRUIT Artocarpus integrifolia
FOOD FOREST COURSE
BREADFRUIT and JACKFRUIT Artocarpus integrifolia
Breadfruit can
only be grown in the tropics so unfortunately those of us who garden in the
sub-tropics miss out on this unusual fruit.
Breadfruit however is closely related to Jackfruit and most of the
recipes are interchangeable. The
information on breadfruit in this book is based only on research and not on my
personal experience but nonetheless I thought it important to be included.
Breadfruit is a staple of the many Polynesian societies and probably originated in the Pacific Islands and Papua New Guinea.
Jackfruit can be grown both in the tropics and sub-tropics, so this is the variety that we have experience with growing and in food preparation.
Cultivation
Breadfruit and
Jackfruit both grow on a large tree of up to twenty metres tall. It takes three
to six years for the first fruit to form and the trees can be productive for
around fifty years. The trees will grow
from eight to twenty metres tall. Good
growth is promoted in highly fertile, well-drained soil and they prefer a sunny
aspect. Serious diseases or pests rarely attack breadfruit and Jackfruit and
both can be propagated by seed or cutting.
Root suckers may even be used and then grown on in pots in the
nursery. There are some seedless
varieties and of course these can only be grown from cuttings. They should be at least 2cm in diameter and
20cm long. The cuttings can be grown in a nursery bed at a slight angle or even
flat on the ground. Seed needs to be fresh for germination and the seeded
varieties are known as breadnuts.
Harvesting
Breadfruit and
Jackfruit can both be harvested at both the immature or ripe stage but
breadfruit is usually cooked before being eaten, whilst Jackfruit can be eaten
as a delicious fruit when it is ripe. In PNG the main breadfruit harvest is
from March, April, July and November and the indicator of the ripened fruit is
when the latex exudes on the surface of the fruit. Also, the fruit starts to yellow slightly and
is easy to pick. Another sign for ripening fruit is to watch out for possum
activity on the fruit. Once the breadfruit is harvested it will deteriorate
quickly so to help preserve it, it is best to keep the fruit under water
overnight. Breadfruit can also be kept for a few days in a cool, dark place.
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